A Scoping Review on Tripartite Motif (TRIM) Proteins in Cellular Defense against Viruses

Ismail, Mohd Iswadi (2026) A Scoping Review on Tripartite Motif (TRIM) Proteins in Cellular Defense against Viruses. INTI JOURNAL, 2026 (24). pp. 196-209. ISSN e2600-7320

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Abstract

For centuries, immune recognition was attributed to either innate immunity or adaptive immunity. Some of these invading viruses have been reported to be able to breach the innate defenses and escape the humoral immunity and cell-mediated response of adaptive immunity. Therefore, comprehensive immunity requires that cells to sense intracellular intruders, including viruses. The literature search was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. Database searches included PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Scopus. Studies addressing tripartite motif (TRIM) proteins, viruses, and intracellular immunity were included. A new mechanism referred to as intracellular immunity mediated by TRIM proteins is able to recognize and kill viruses. These intracellular proteins work by neutralizing a virus by interfering with its ability to infect host cells. However, at present we only have a limited understanding of this immune response to viruses in humans as well as animals. This review explores how cells effectively detect and eliminate viruses after the cell membrane is penetrated. Improving the understanding of intracellular immunity will contribute to the knowledge of intracellular immune responses, ultimately facilitating the prevention of severe viral infections in both humans and animals

Item Type:	Article
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Immunity, Intracellular, Virus, TRIM
Subjects:	Q Science > QR Microbiology Q Science > QR Microbiology > QR180 Immunology Q Science > QR Microbiology > QR355 Virology
Depositing User:	Unnamed user with email masilah.mansor@newinti.edu.my
Date Deposited:	17 Aug 2026 02:50
Last Modified:	17 Aug 2026 02:50
URI:	http://eprints.intimal.edu.my/id/eprint/2352

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